Pakshaghatha - critical review on current approach

]£mLmXNnInÕbpsS ^ekn²n

]n.sI.hn.B\µv

sshZycXv\w BbpÀthZtImtfPv

NnInÕbpsS ^ekn²n Dd¸m¡p¶ Gähpw {][m\LSIambn sshZysâ

km[ymkm[yXm\nÀWbtijnsb ImWmhp¶XmWv. BbpÀthZ]pkvXI§Ä

adn¨pt\m¡p¶ km[mcW¡mc\pw XpS¡¡mcmb sshZyhnZymÀ°nIÄ¡pw

Bib¡pg¸w D­m¡p¶ Hcp hnhcWambn km[ymkm[yX F¶ hnjbw

A\p`hs¸t«¡mw. F´psIms­¶m ]pWy¯n\pw Pt\m]Imc¯n\psa¶v ]dbp¶

CtX {KÙ§ÄXs¶ Akm[ymhØbnepÅ tcmK§Ä Dt]£n¡Wsa¶v

{]kn²ntamln¡p¶ sshZy·mtcmSv D]tZin¡p¶ kµÀ`§Ä \nch[nbmWv. Cu

D]tZis¯ BßmÀ°XtbmsS kzoIcn¨v {]tbmKn¡p¶ sshZy·mÀ, At§bäw

kpJkm[yambXns\ am{Xw kzoIcn¨v, aäpÅhsb CXcsshZyk{¼Zmb§fnte¡v

t]mIm\\phZn¡p¶ {]hWXIÄ CwKvfojv sshZy¯nsâ {]Nmc¯n\v Hcp]mSv

klmbn¨n«p­v. \mamIs«, CXnsâ ImcW§fmbn«v, \nbaw IqsSbnÃmbvI,

D]IcW§fpsSbpw kuIcy§fptSbpw A`mhw, ]cnNbanÃmbvI, XpS§nbh

Is­¯p¶Xn am{XamWv hnPbn¨n«pÅXv.

kpJkm[ytcmK§fn \ntÈj(curative)ia\NnInÕ \nÝbn¡p¶nS¯v, \mw

Zihn[]co£Ifp]tbmKn¨v Xocpam\§sfSp¡p¶Xpt]mse Ir{Okm[ybm]ymkm[y

§Ä¡v Zihn[]co£y§Ä D]tbmKn¨v hniIe\w sN¿pIbpw

Xocpam\¯nse¯pIbpw th­XmWv. C¯c¯nepÅ hniIe\w

NnInÕm{]hr¯ntbbpw D]mb§tfbpw hyàambn¯s¶ kzm[o\n¡p¶XmWv.

s]mXpsh FÃm tcmK§fnepw, {]tXyIn¨v hmXhym[nIfn CXn\v {]tXyI

{]kànbp­v. IÀt½{µntbm]lXnbpÅXpw kztX tcmKkz`mhw sIm­pw

Ir{Okm[yamb ]£mLmXw, NnInÕn¡m³ th­ ]Whpw tcmKw amdm\pÅ

km[yXbpw £bn¨v Ignbpt¼mgmWv s]mXpsh BbpÀthZNnInÕ¡mbn

F¯nt¨cmdpÅXv. sa¨s¸« BtcmKymht_m[apÅ C¶s¯ kmlNcy¯nÂ

CwKvfojvNnInÕIfpw hymbmaapdIfpw Xocp¶Xphsc Im¯ncp¶ tijwam{XamWv

hmX¯ns\ms¡ BbpÀthZamWv \ÃsX¶ ]gb hnizmkw s]mXpP\§Ä

s]mSnX«nsbSp¡p¶Xv. C¯c¯nepÅ s]mXphnizmk¯nsâ ]n³_eaps­¦nÂt]mepw

CCRASsâ IW¡pIÄ {]Imcw ]£mLmX¯n BbpÀtÆZ¯nsâ ^ekn²n 25%

am{XamsW¶Xv bmYmÀYyw hfsc AIsebmsW¶v \s½ t_m[ys¸Sp¯p¶p.

t\ct¯ CSs]SpI

^ekn²nbpsS iXam\w hÀ[n¸n¡mhp¶ Hcp {][m\ t]mwhgn Akm[yX¡pÅ

hgnIÄ AS¡pI F¶XmWv. AXn\pÅ BZyamÀ¤amWv ]£mLmX¯nsâ

{]mcw`]cnWmaZi¡nSbntem Ignª DSs\sb¦neptam BbpÀthZNnInÕ¡mbn

F¯phm³ tcmKnIsf t_m[h¡cn¡pI F¶Xv. BbpÀthZ¯nsâ km[yXIfpw

B[p\nI]cntim[\mcoXnIfpw ssIhiapÅ C¶s¯ sshZy³amsc

kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw tcmKnIfpsS hnizmkw {]tbmP\s¸Sp¯n AhÀ¡v ss[cyw

sImSp¡pI F¶Xv Hcp _p²nap«pÅ ImcyaÃ. ]£mLmX¯nsâ

Ahyà]qÀhcq]§fp­mb DSs\ tcmKn¡v, càw I«]nSn¡mXncn¡m\pÅ

NnInÕbpsS km[yXbpÅ kabhpw, càw Ip¯nsbSp¡tem Hm¸tdjt\m

th­nhcp¶ kmlNcy§fpw aäpw, MRI t]mepÅ ]cntim[\Ifpw hnZKv[cpambpÅ

NÀ¨Ifpw hgn Xocpam\n¨v, th­ NnInÕIfpw ip]mÀiIfpw sN¿mhp¶XmWv.

]et¸mgpw stroke\ptijw aq¶p aWn¡qtdm BdpaWn¡qtdm Ignªv

Bip]{XnIfnse¯p¶hÀ¡v I« Aenbn¨pIfbp¶hbpw aäpw

{]tbmP\clnXambXn\m Xet¨mdnse \oÀs¡«v Ipd¡p¶Xn\pw aäp

]mÀizhÀ¯nIfmb tcmK§Ä¡papÅ kt¸mÀ«ohv sXdm¸nbmWv e`n¡p¶Xv.

C¯c¯nepÅ {]tXyIn¨v Hcp Cw¥ojv NnInÕ BhiyanÃm¯ tcmKnIsf

BZymhØIfnÂXs¶ Xncn¨dnbpIbpw Ahsc t\ct¯¯s¶

BbpÀtÆZNnInÕ¡mbn t{]cn¸n¡pIbpw hgn am{Xta \ap¡v BbpÀtÆZ¯nsâ

{]tbmP\§Ä tcmKnIfnse¯n¡m\mIq. Akm²yXsb¶Xv Cw¥ojns\m¶pw

BbpÀtÆZ¯n\pasäm¶paÃ, adn¨v tcmK¯nsâ {]tXyIXIÄ¡\pkcn¨mWv

Xocpam\n¡s¸Sp¶Xv. AXpsIm­v BZymhØIfn sNt¿ ­Xv Cw¥osj¶pw ]n¶oSv

aebmfsa¶pw \½psSbpÅn¯s¶bpÅ XcwXncnhv amtd­nbncn¡p¶p. F¶mÂ

BZymhØbn cà{kmh¯n\pw aäpw ]n¶oSv hmXhym[n¡psa¶v XcwXncn¡pIbmsW¦nÂ

\ap¡v tcmKmhØ¡\pkcn¨v kÀÖs\tbm BXybnINnInÕmkuIcy§tftbm tcmKn¡v

e`yam¡m\pw adn¨pÅ AhØIfn tim[\þia\cq]¯nepÅ {][m\NnInÕ \ap¡pXs¶

\ÂIm\pw klmbn¡p¶p. C¯c¯n k{¼m]vXnsb AhØXncn¨v a\Ênem¡p¶Xv sshZysâ {]Xn]¯n F¶ KpWhntijs¯ {]hÀ¯n¸n¡m³ Gsd klmbIamWv.

tcmKnIÄ¡v A\ptema\{Zhy§Ä (oral glycerine, osmotic diuretics) am{Xw sImSp¯v

kt¸mÀ«ohv sXdm¸n F¶ t]cn 2þ3 Znhkw ]cnWmaL«w (evolution stage)amdp¶hsc

\nco£W¯n InS¯p¶ ImeL«¯n¯s¶ \ap¡v NnInÕIÄ Bcw`n¡m³ IgnªmÂ

AhcpsS Xet¨mdnse ]cn¡pIÄ Ømbnbmb sshIey§fmbn ]cnWan¡p¶Xv Ipd¡m\mtb¡pw. Cu "observation" F¶pÅXv NnInÕtbmSpIqSn¯s¶ sN¿pI F¶XmWv AXn\pÅ {][m\ hgn. Câ³kohv sIbdnse FbÀI­oj³ XWp¸nt\¡mÄ A¯cw AhØbn AÂ]w cq£tkzZsa¦nepw sN¿pI F¶Xv tcmKn¡v KpWIcambncn¡pw.

kÀ¡mcmip]{Xnbnse ]gb sshZy³amcpsS Xeapd¡mÀ, CwKvfojv NnInÕ A{]m]yambncp¶ km[mcW¡mÀ¡v, ]qÀhcq]mhØbn¯s¶ NnInÕn¨v ^ew I­ [mcmfw A\p`h§Ä ]dªptIÄ¡pIbpw Gsd ]gb sshZyamknIIfnÂ\n¶v hmbn¡pIbpw sNbvXn«p­v. Xfw h¡epw sshizm\cNqÀWhkvXnbpw cq£tam kv\nKv[tam Bb ]nWvUtkzZ§fpw kv\nKv[hntcN\hpw AhbpsS BZymhØIfn {][m\NnInÕbmbn«mWv hr²sshZy·mÀ hnhcn¡p¶Xv. Xebnse aÀ½t£m`§fpw hmXtIm]hpw ian¸n¡m³ Xfhpw B\ptemayap­mIm³ BhWs¡® tkhn¸n¡epw sshizm\cNqÀ®hkvXntbm £mchkvXnsb¶ \ne¡v tkm¸pshÅw sIm­pÅ F\oatbm, Hs¡ {]ISamb amä§ÄXs¶ D­m¡m³ t]m¶hbmWv. aq{Xfambh D]tbmKn¡Wsa¦n N{µ{]` DbÀ¶ Afhntem BhnÂt¯memZn `kvatam Hs¡ {]tbmP\{]ZamWv. apcnªbne\ocpw tX\pw tNÀ¯v \ÂIp¶Xpw £ochkvXnbpw aäpw Xm¡menIambn«msW¦nepw X£Ww càk½À±w Ipd¡m³ ]cym]vXamWv. tkzZ§Ä F{Xt\ct¯ XpS§p¶pthm A{Xbpw {]tbmP\w IqSpsa¶pw A\pam\n¡mhp¶XmWv. BZyZnhk§fnse t£m`hpw aäpw AS§n, DZÀ¡amb iànbnÃmbvI Ahbh§sf _m[n¨pXpS§pt¼mÄ Cu tkzZ\w t]inIfpsS amÀ±hw \ne\nÀ¯phm³ Gsd klmbn¡p¶p. ]mÊohv BbpÅ ^nkntbmXndm¸n apdIÄ KpWwsNbvtX¡msa¦nepw BIvSohv Bb hymbma§Ä t]inIÄ¡v ImTn\yap­m¡p¶Xn\m BimkyaÃ. am{Xaà tim[\NnInÕ IqSn sN¿m\pt±in¡p¶ps­¦n hymbma§Ä tZmj§fpsS tImjvTKXntbbpw tim[\t¯bpw {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

AhØsb Cg]ncn¨v t\m¡nbmÂ

k{¼m]vXnbpsS AhØmhyXymk§sf Bkv]Zam¡n \nÝbn¡s¸Sp¶ {]Xn]¯n

]£mLmXNnInÕbn Hmtcm sshZy³amcpsS coXnIfnepw henb kzm[o\w sNep¯p¶p.

]£mLmXw t]mepÅ hmXhym[nIsf bmZrÝnIamb s]s«¶pÅ hmXtIm]sa¶\ne¡v

am{XamWv IcpXp¶sX¶XpsIm­v NnInÕbpsS {]mYanI hn`P\¯n t]mepw

Bib¡pg¸ap­mIp¶p. k´À¸tWm°ambn I^tcm[w sIm­p­mb hmXtIm]sa¦n \mw cq£{]tbmK§Ä¡v Gsd {]m[m\yw sImSpt¡ ­Xp­v. F¶m A]XÀ¸tWm°amb

hmXtIm]sa¶ \ne¡pÅ kvt\ltkzZNnInÕbmWv IqSpXepw sNbvXphcp¶Xv. Cu

c­pImcW§fpw kwtbmPn¸n¨psIm­v sshZy³amÀ ]£mLmXtcmKn¡v NnInÕbpsS

XpS¡¯n DZzÀ¯\þcq£tkzZ§fpw [m\ym¾{]tbmK§fpw ]n¶oSv ]ngn¨nepw aäpw

F¶n§s\ sN¿pIbmWv ]Xnhv. F¶m aäp NnecmIs« k´À¸tWm°amsW¦nepw

tcmKap­mbn Ipd¨p Imew IgnªmWv \ap¡v ]£mLmXtcmKnsb e`n¡msd¶ ]XnhpsIm­v, Imew sIm­v hmXnIambn¯oÀ¶ AhØsb¶dnªv t\cn«v kvt\ltkzZ§Ä sN¿pIbpw ]Xnhp­v. AXn\m CsXmcp AÚXbmbn«Ã adn¨v sshZysâ {]mtbmKnIamb hg¡amsW¶v {i²n¨m \ap¡dnbm³ Ignbpw. Hscmä tcmK¯n\v Hscmä kao]\sa¶Xv ioen¡p¶ Cw¥ojv NnInÕIcn³\n¶v hyXyØambn, {]mtbmKoIXe¯n C§s\ NphSpIÄ amänamäns¡m­pÅ ^e{]Zamb Cu kao]\w BbpÀtÆZw ssIImcyw sN¿p¶ sshZy·mcpsS {]tXyIXam{XamWv. CXv Cw¥ojv NnInÕIcn Is­¯m³ IgnbnÃ. F¶m C¯csamcp kzmX{´y¯nsâ {]tbmP\§Ä \ap¡v k{¼m]vXn th­t]mse hnNmcW sNbvXm am{Xta km[n¡pIbpÅq. A{]hr¯nbmbXn\m CXv hmX£bamsW¶pw hmXtIm]amsW¦n AXn{]hr¯nbmWv

ImtW­sX¶pw ]£mLmX¯ns\¡pdn¨v IcpXp¶hcp­v. A¯cw IW¡pIq«Â AhcpsS

NnInÕm]²Xn cq£WþewL\{]tbmK§fneqsS ]ptcmKan¡phm\pw ^nkntbmXndm¸nbpw

hymbmahpw t]mepÅ hmXhÀ²Iambh {]tbmKn¡m\pÅ \ymboIcW§fmIpIbpw sN¿p¶p.

F¶m IÀt½{µnb{`wiw F¶ hmXtIm]e£WamWv ]£mLmX¯nepÅsX¶pw

kvt\l\tkzZ\§fneqsS t]inIfpsSbpw aäpw ImTn\yw \in¸n¨v, hmXtIm]w ian¸n¨v

IÀ½WyXbntes¡¯n¡phm\mWv {iant¡ ­sX¶v aäpÅhcpw kz´w NnInÕsb

\ymboIcn¡p¶p. aäpNneÀ Hcp hmXtIm]¯nsâ DZÀ¡ambn«v hmX£bap­mbXmsW¶pw

AXn\m ^nkntbmXndm¸nbpw kmántkzZ§fpw Hcpan¨v sIm­pt]mtI­XmsW¶pw

A`n{]mbs¸Sp¶p. F¶m ]£mLmX¯ntes¡¯n¡p¶ hntijkw`hw IqSn

IW¡nseSp¡pt¼mÄ NnInÕm{]Xn]¯nbn ho­pw hyXymkw hcp¶p. k{¼m]vXn AÂ]w

IqSn hniIe\w sNbvXm cà]n¯¯nsâ D]{Zhamb hmXtIm]sa¶pIqSn \ap¡v

]£mLmXs¯¸än ]Tn¡mhp¶XmWv.

AjvSmwKlrZb¯nse Hmtcm ivtfmI§fpw ]ckv]c_ÔnXhpw H¶nsâ

XpSÀ¨bmbn«mWv ASp¯Xv hnhcn¡s¸«ncn¡p¶sX¶pw \ap¡dnbmhp¶XmWv.

AXpsIm­vXs¶ ]£mLmX\nZm\ambn AjvSmwKlrZb¯n ]dbp¶ tÇmI¯nsâ

sXm«pap³]v hnhcn¡p¶ kncm{Kl\nZm\w ]£mLmXt¯mSv tNÀ¯v hmbnt¡ ­XpamWv.

cq£hpw thZ\bpÅXpw (e£W§fpÅXpw) Idp¯Xpambn¯ocp¶ kncm{Klw Akm²yamWv. CXnsâ XpSÀ¨bmbn«v ]£mLmXw hnhcn¡p¶Xv kncIfpsS hnImchpw ]£mLmXhpw X½nepÅ _Ôw kqNn¸n¡p¶p. kncm[a\o hnIrXnIfmWv ]£mLmXap­m¡p¶Xnsâ sXm«pap³]pÅ AhØ F¶v Cw¥ojv k{¼Zmb¯neqsS \ap¡p­mb [mcWbneqsS C§s\sbmcp tNÀ¯phmbn¡Â Ffp¸hpamWv. hmX¯nsâ A{Kyamb hkvXnbÃ, adn¨v ]n¯¯n\v A{KyNnInÕbmb hntcN\amWv BNmcy³ ]£mLmX¯n \nÀt±in¨ncn¡p¶sX¶Xpw ChnsS tNÀ¯phmbnt¡ ­XmWv.

bIr¯pw ¹olbpw kncIfpamWv cà¯nsâ Øm\w AYhm Ah tiJcn¡s¸Sp¶

]m{X§Ä. A§ns\bncns¡ cà¯ns\ hln¡pIbpw [cn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶ Ahbh§fpsS,

kmµÀ`nIambn«v t\m¡nbm kncIfpsS, hnIrXnbp­mImsX càw ]pd¯phcnI

Akm²yamWv. Zl\ck§tfm ipIvf[mXpthmt]mse càw Dudp¶tXm hnkÀÖn¡s¸Sp¶tXm Aà adn¨v kncbpsS apdnthm atäm sIm­v {kmhap­mIpIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. A¯c¯nepÅ {kmhw I«]nSn¡mXncn¡pI XpS§nb A\p_Ôamb AhØmt`Z§Ä am{XambmWv C¶v cà]n¯tcmKs¯ s]mXpsh ho£n¡s¸Sp¶Xv. kq£vakncm[a\nIfnÂ\n¶pÅ cà{kmhwt]mepw C¯c¯nepÅ kncmhnImcambnt« D­mIm\nSbpÅq. adn¨v càw hÀ²n¨v ]n¯t¯mSpIqSn aqÀÑn¨v tZlw apgph³ k©cn¨pÅ cà]n¯tcmKw F{XImew \o­p\n¶mepw kncm[a\o sshIeyanÃmsX cà]n¯tcmKw ]qÀÆcq]§fÃmsX Hcp e£Whpap­m¡nÃ. AXmbXv cà]n¯w kv\nKv[arZp `mh§tfmsS kncIsf _m[n¨m B kncIÄ, kncm`n¯nIfnse DW§m¯ kq£va{hW§Ä hgn AhnsS ]nfcm\pw càw ]pdt¯¡p NmSm\pw ImcWamIp¶p. adn¨v cq£ ITn\`mh§tfmsS kncIsf _m[n¨m AhnsSbpw ]n¯tXPÊpsIm­p­mIp¶ cq£Xbpw hmXhÀ²\hpw hgn kncIsf amÀ±hanÃm¯Xmbn hn­p]nfcm\pambn hgnh¡p¶p. cà¡pgense Cu ]nfÀ¸pw cà{kmhhpw GsX¦nepw _mlyt{kmXÊpIÄ¡Sp¯msW¦n am{Xta \ap¡v ZriyamIp¶pÅq. At¸mÄ am{Xta CXv cà]n¯sa¶v \mw t]cnSm³ Xp\nbpIbpÅq.

cà]n¯sa¶Xv kIeicoc¯nepw hÀ²n¨ cà]n¯§Ä hym]n¨ncn¡p¶ AhØbmIbmÂ, _mlyt{kmXÊpIÄ¡Sp¯pÅ kncIfn am{Xw cà{kmhap­mIp¶p F¶v IcpXm\mhnÃ. A¡mcW¯m¯s¶ \ap¡v ZrjvSntKmNcaÃm¯, ]£mLmXap­m¡p¶ C¯cw cà{kmh§ÄIqSn \mw cà]n¯ambn¡mWp¶XmWp¯aw. A§ns\ \mw ImWmXncn¡p¶XpsIm­mWv \ap¡v ]£mLmX¯nepw lrt{ZmK¯nepw aäpw ap³IcpXembn \ap¡v Cw¥ojnset¸mse acp¶pIsfm¶pw sImSp¡m\mIm¯Xv.

cà{kmhwsIm­pÅ ]£mLmX§sf am{Xaà C¯c¯n cà]n¯w \nZm\mÀ°Ichym[nbmbnhcp¶ ]£mLmX§Ä DÄs¡mÅp¶Xv. càw I«]nSn¨v tcm[ap­m¡ns¡m­pÅ ]£mLmX§Ä¡pw IqSn CXv _m[IamWv. cà]n¯¯n¯s¶

amS{]mhnsâ aew tkhn¡m³ ]dbp¶ kµÀ`w sXm­bn càw I«]nSn¨pInS¡p¶ AhØbnemWv. AXmbXv càw I«]nSn¡pI F¶Xv cà]n¯¯nep­mtb¡mhp¶ HchØmt`Zhpw AXn\v sXm­bn F¶ Øm\hpw BWv AhnsS ]dªsX¦nÂ, asähnsSsb¦nepw CXpt]mse I«]nSn¡m\pÅ kmlNcyhpw \ap¡v ImWm³ Igntb­XmWv.

sNdnb e£W§fp­m¡p¶ sXm­¡p]Icw, AXv lrZbw, Xet¨mÀ XpS§nb

almaÀ½Øm\§fnemIpt¼mÄ kzm`mhnIambpw A{Xt¯mfw amcIamb AhØbpap­mIp¶p. AXv A¯cw almaÀ½§fn¯s¶ B{ibn¨v I«]nSn¡pItbm

{khn¡pItbm sN¿m³ {]mtZinIamb sshIey§Ä Hcp hyRvPIImcWamImw.cà¯nsâXs¶ D][mXp¡fmWv kncmIWvUcIsf¶ncns¡

cà]n¯sa¶ tcmK¯n kncmIWvUcIfpsS cN\m]chpw {Inbm]chpamb ZpjvSn

kv]jvShpamWv.

]£mLmXs¯ C{]Imcw c­v AhØIfn Xncn¨dnbp¶XpsIm­v cà]n¯¯n\v

ioXcq£hpw ]£mLmX¯n\v DjvWkv\nKv[hpsa¶v hncpt²m]{IaXzsam¶pw D­mIp¶nÃ.

Hcn¡epw kvXw`\{]tbmK§Ä cà]n¯¯n BimkyaÃ. Zpjn¨ càmZnIsf AXv

icoc¯nÂXs¶ \ne\nÀ¯ns¡m­v AXv aäptcmK§Ä IqSnbp­m¡psa¶p ]dbp¶pap­v.

adn¨v càw I«]nSn¡mXncn¡pIbpw cà]n¯hÀ²\hv XpSÀ¶psIm­pt]mIpIbpw sN¿p¶

acp¶pIÄ¡pt]mepw CXn {]kànbps­¶v \ap¡v AÛpXw tXm¶mw. DZmlcW¯n\v

Bkv]ncn³ t]mepÅhbpw ]£mLmXtam lrt{ZmKtam D­mbmepSs\ D]tbmKn¡p¶

cà¡« Aenbn¡m\pÅhbpw aäpw bYmÀ°¯nsâ cà]n¯§fpsS {ZhKpWhpw aäpw

hÀ²n¸n¡IbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. shfp¯pÅn t]mse, apXnc t]mse cà]n¯hÀ²I§fmbhbpsS {]kàn Cu kµÀ`§fn ImWmhp¶XmWv. lrt{ZmK¯n\v

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km[ymkm[yNn´IÄ¡v Hcp sFIcq]yw sshZy·mÀ¡nSbnep­mIp¶Xv \ÃXmWv.

cà]n¯whgn F¯nt¨cp¶ ]£mLmX§fn Xe¡I¯pÅ Cu kncmXybw Hmtcm

tcmKnbnepw F{Xt¯mfw t£m`ap­m¡p¶p F¶v Xocpam\n¡emWv kvIm\ntâbpw Rc¼v

NnInÕm hnZKv[tâbpw klmbamhiyapÅ {][m\`mKw. AXmXv tcmKnIfnse hcpw

hcmbvIIÄ¡\pkcn¨v tcmKnbpsS _Ôp¡tfmSv hniZoIcn¨v hnizmk¯nseSp¯tijw

]camh[n t\ct¯¯s¶ BbpÀtÆZNnInÕ e`yam¡m\pÅ Ahkcsamcp¡pI

F¶Xmbncn¡Ww Hmtcm sshZy\pw sNt¿­Xv. adn¨v Cw¥ojv NnInÕsbÃmw Ignbs«

F¶n«mImw BbpÀtÆZsa¶p ]dbp¶Xv km[yamb AhØsb Akm[yam¡nbtijw

NnInÕn¡emWv. Akm[yambXv Hcn¡epw km²yamIp¶nÃ. kzXth Ir{Ñkm²yamb

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kvt\ltkzZhntcN\{][m\amb NnInÕIÄ \ÂIm³ \mw X¿mdmIWw. BbpÀtÆZw

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t_m[h¡cn¡pIbpw thWw.