A FIELD TRIAL REPORT OF " VEPPENNA- PUKAYILA-KASHAYAM - SPRAY " FOR REDUCING MOSQUITO LARVAE TO PREVENT VECTOR BORN DISEASES .

A FIELD TRIAL REPORT OF " VEPPENNA- PUKAYILA-KASHAYAM - SPRAY " FOR REDUCING MOSQUITO LARVAE TO PREVENT  VECTOR BORN DISEASES .

INTRODUCTION:-

         Rainy seasonal & Vector born diseases are globally attention seeking diseases &very few preventive &curative aspects of it have become successfull.In the last few years in diffrent parts of India several out breaks of these have been reported.Since many of them are of viral origin, than the avialable treatments which were found to be less effective , better approach will be the preventive side.
         Prevention can be achieved by  various erdication methods.Modern medicine prevents these by spraying & fogging of various chemicals in large or small scales.Even though these are successful the Residual toxic effect of these chemicals are a threat to health & environment.
         This created the necessity for an alternative solution from traditional health systems like ayurveda.A well known formula called " VEPPENNA- PUKAYILA-KASHAYAM - exists in kerala for the eradication of larvae in health & agriculture which is widely advocated by govermental & non governmental agencies inside kerala. Well documented  Researches for its efficacy are not available presently.
         This study is a begining step towards that.This Eco-Friendly Bio ayurvedic spray was  field trialled at Engandiyoor Grama Panchath of Thrissur District in Kerala .The efficacy was measured by the modern scientific methods & showed to bring down the density mosquito larvae. Still improvements for more desired qualities if done, sure it will be a boon to eradicate  vector born diseases in an Eco-Friendly way.
.AIM
(1) To provide a Better Health Care by Focusing in the Community Medicine Sector through Ayurveda.(2) To bring forward the Concept of Eco-Friendly Methods for countering the Epidemics ; thus reducing the Residual Toxicity to Health & environment by the wide spread usage of chemicals . (3) To address the problems by suggesting a Locally developed ,Economically viable , Simplest to Prepare & Handle , Risk free solution.
OBJECTIVES
• To standardise the procedure.
• After spraying the changes in mosquito density to be measured by routine mosquito density
indicators.
•
• Thus The efficacy of veppenna- Pukayila kashayam in a specified area to be measured in
units.
• To find out its advantages over presently available sprays in reducing mosquito densities.
• Comparing its advantages with other methods 
STAGES OF STUDY
•Study was comleted within three phases.
• PHASE-1 (planning) :- Selected the place , team & time.Availing of Fund, Raw materials & approvals completed.
• PHASE-2 (implementing) :-• Training, Preparation, Distribution & Surveying were done .
• PHASE -3 (analysis) :- Arranging the data, Analysis & Report making. were the works in this phase.
ORGANISATIONAL PART OF STUDY

METERIALS & METHODS
• For mapping the available location maps were used. Prior to the study the area had been mapped & the risks for vector born diseases were analysed & the required area was selected . For area selection risk predicting reports of health department & the geographic specialty of the place were used. Mosquito densities were anlysed using the modern methods like Brittos Index , House Index)& Container index.
• For Preparation & Distribution of the drug ; Sprinkling of a drug called Veppenna- Pukayila kashayam exists in practice in Kerala as larvicial & the Department of Indian Systems Of Medicine Promotes this practice by advocating its preparation &spraying. By the in house preparation the required quantity of the Ready to Spray Veppenna pukayila kashayam was made.
  Veppenna-Pukayilakashayam was made by mixing the Decoction of Tobacco 1500ML.+Veppenna (The oil obtained from Neem tree) 1000M.L.+Soap powder-50- G.M.S.+Water 9000M.L..The locally available raw materials.along with rented & newly purchased materials like preparing pans etc. were used.• Spraying of the drug was done by using many manually operated large sized sprays in specifically identified areas with the help of trained volunteers.
• Three Special trainings were given to 30 volunteers & specially designed survey forms were distributed to them & collected data from 250 houses required for preparing Routine Mosquito density indicators & also noticed subjective changes by trained volunteers  Before, During &After spraying of Drug.
• Analysis of the collected data was done by the special Technical committee & after Discussions few suggestions were also added concerned to this study.
Calendar of study -10/12/08-Final preparations of the programmed completed. 10/1/09-Training completed. 22/1/09-Preparation of the materials completed. 23/1/09-Survey followed by spraying completed.
  27/1/09-Survey followed by spraying completed. 30/1/09-Spraying followed by survey completed.3/2/09- Collection & sorting of data completed. 10/2/09-Analysis & reporting completed.
• Mosquito  larvae density calculation:- • Mosquito density is calculated by 3 methods usually.( M.H.D.)
• Brittos Index , House Index , Container Index. HOUSE INDEX :- It is used for measuring present position of outbreak. calculated by a formula
Total positive Houses  X 100
Total Houses Visited
• This above 10 is high risk (W.H.O. ) 15 (Indian). 5 is medium risk (W.H.O.) 10 (Indian). 5 lessser risk . 1 to 0 is safe zone.
• BRITTOS INDEX :- This is used for measuring present position of out break. Caculated by a formula
  Total positive containers X 100
• Total houses visited
• This above 50 is High risk & above 25 is medium risk.(W.H.O.).
• CONTAINER INDEX :-  It is used for predicting possible out break in next coming season.Calculated by a formula
• Total Positive Containers X 100
• Total Containers checked
 RESULT
INDEX----23/1/09--------26/1/09-------------30/1/09------------REMARKS
H.I.          4.4%           2.8%                   1.6%             reduction of 1.4 % on average within 1 week. Could change from Medium risk to low risk area
B.I.          10.8%         7.2                        5.2%              ,,                5.6 %    ,,                                    .
C.I.           1.83 %          1.58 %                1.49 %           


CONCLUSION
• Veppenna pukayila kashayam is a best larvicidal.
• No effect to kill Adult mosquito if sprayed in surroundings of houses.
• It has a Repellent action against Adult mosquitoes.
• Poisoning & Toxic threats reported not reported either to handlers or to the water bodies.
• It is a Bio degradable product.
• Easy to Prepare & Handle.
• It is very economical. The cost can be reduced further if made in bulk.
Still more Large scale Lab Field researches required for this to improve the efficacy ,safty & quality and also for its large scale production.
REFERENCES
Bhavaprkasa anighandu
 Text book of Preventive & Community Medicine
Periodical Reports & Circulars of Health Services -Kerala.
AUTHORS
Dr. P.K. Suhas Narayanan - Medical Officer , Goverment Ayurveda Dispensary Engandiyoor.
Dr. Sheela B.Karalam - Special Officer R&D .Oushadhi. Thrissur.
Dr. V.C.Deep Research Officer C.R.I.P. Cheruthuruthi.
Dr.V.Subhose Reseach Officer C.R.I. Vijayawada.
Mr. Sasi .District Malaria Officer . Thrissur.
Dr. P.K.V. Anand . Lecturer Vaidyarathnam Ayurved College Thrissur.