Pramitasanam

{]anXmi\w

]n.sI.hn.B\µvsshZycXv\w BbpÀthZ tImtfPv

NnInÕsIm­pÅ tcmKia\s¯ Gähpw A[nIambn C¡me¯v kzm[o\n¡p¶ Hcp LSIambo¯oÀ¶n«p­v {]anXmi\sa¶ hmXtIm]tlXp. AÂ]t`mP\aXoXImet`mP\w hm F¶mWv {]anXmi\¯n\v UÂlW³ \ÂIp¶ \nÀhN\w. Hmtcm tcmKnbpsS tcmKkw{]m]vXnbnepw AXXv {InbmIme§fn Cu tlXp F{XI­v kzm[o\n¨n«ps­¶v {i²n¨m NnInÕbn Gsd {]tbmP\w sN¿p¶Xmbn ImWmw. FÃm hmXtcmK§fptSbpw tlXphmbn«mWv A\i\w / hnjami\w / {]anXmi\w Ch I­phcp¶Xv.

{]anXmi\sa¶Xv ]et¸mgpw [mXp£bap­m¡p¶ Afhn ]«nWnInS¡p¶hsc am{Xw _m[n¨ Hcp tcmKImcWambn«mWv s]mXp[mcW. F¶m CXv FÃm tcmK§fnepw, k´À¸tWm°amb tcmK§fn t]mepw kw{]m]vXnsb kzm[o\n¡p¶ Hcp LSIamsW¶v Xncn¨dntb­XmWv. AanX`£WamWv A\mtcmKyap­m¡p¶sX¶ [mcW Nnet¸msgms¡ \aps¡mcp ap³hn[nbp­m¡p¶pap­v.  \¶mbn `£Ww Ign¡p¶hsct¸mepw AXoXImet`mP\tam Ft¸msg¦nepw Ipd¨pImew th­nhcp¶ AÂ]t`mP\tam Ahcn hfÀ¶psIm­ncn¡p¶ tcmKkw{]m]vXnbpsS KXnbpw iànbpw \nb{´n¡mdp­v. bmZrÝnIambn sshIn `£Ww Ignt¡­nhcp¶hÀ¡dnbmw, ]Xnhnepw Ipdª Afhn am{Xta B kµÀ`¯n `£n¡m\mImdpÅq. AXv {]anXmi\ambn¯ocp¶p. sshIn¡gn¡pI F¶Xv F¶pw Htc kab¯msW¦n Cu Hcp {]iv\w HgnhmIpsa¦nepw, AXv hni¸nsâ thKw AhKWn¡p¶ coXnbnemIcpXv.

amdnb PohnXcoXnbn an¡hmdpw FÃmhcpwXs¶ {]mX Hgnhm¡pI, sshIn¡pI, hni¸phcpw ap¼v Ign¡pI, sshInbpÅ D¨`£Ww, Gsd sshInbpÅ A¯mgw F¶nh ioen¨ncn¡p¶p. kvIqÄIp«nIfpw tPmenØet¯¡v bm{Xth­nhcp¶hcpw hni¸phcpwaps¼¯s¶ {]mX XoÀ¡p¶p. cmhnse bm{X th­nhcp¶hcn NneÀ, {]tXyIn¨v kv{XoIÄ, ]et¸mgpw {]mX Hgnhm¡n 10 t\m 11 t\m `£Ww ioen¡p¶p. tIcf¯nse BhnIqSnb ImemhØbn cmhnse I^Imew Ipdªv t\ct¯ ]n¯Imehpw hni¸pw D­mIpIbpw sN¿p¶ kmlNcy¯n 9 \v tijapÅ {]mX {]anXmi\ambn IW¡m¡mw. D¨¡v 1 aWn¡v D¨bqWv IgnªbmÄ¡v sshIo«v 7 t\m 8 t\m A¯mgw XoÀ¡p¶XmWv \ÃXv. AXv sshIpt´mdpw {]anXmi\amIp¶p. ]ntä¶v DWcpt¼mgpw Blmcw Zln¡m³ _m¡n \n¡p¶p, {]mXensâ Xmfw sXäp¶p. C§s\ A\nÝnXamb kab{Iaw XpSÀ¨bmbnt¸mIp¶p. ioen¨ph¶h AYhm kmßyambh tcmKap­m¡nà F¶XmWv \½psS [mcW. 10þ2þ10 F¶n§s\ sshInbpÅ kab{Iaw kmßyamIpIbmsW¦n AXv tcmKap­m¡nà F¶v [cn¡msa¦nepw AXv AhckmßyamWv F¶XpsIm­pXs¶ icoc¯n\v {]Xntcm[tijn Ipd¡p¶p. Ahcn {]anXmi\w tcmK¯n\v \nan¯ImcWamInà Ft¶bpÅq. atäsX¦nepw tcmKw _m[n¡pt¼mÄ AhÀ¡v Cu {]anXmi\w, B Iq«¯n s]Sp¯m\mIm¯ Hcp e£Wap­m¡mt\m (hnIrXnhnjakahmbw) B Iq«¯n¯s¶ D]{Zh§Ä ({]tal¯n hmXhym[n, A¾]n¯¯n ]cnWmaiqe, Øqe\v ]£mLmXw F¶n§s\) D­m¡mt\m ImcWamIp¶p.

Nnet¸mÄ tcmKtlXp¡fn {]anXmi\ap­mInÃ. F¶m tcmKia\¯n\v hnLmXw krjvSn¡p¶ Hcp {][m\LSIambn«v \n¡p¶p. PzctcmKn¡v ewL\amWv NnInÕsb¦nepw, F{Xt¯mfw ewL\w BImw F¶Xnsâ IW¡n NnInÕI\v ]nghpht¶¡mw. ewL\w {]tbmKn¡pt¼mÄ, Ba¯n\pw Aánamµy¯n\pw B\p]mXnIamb iànbn Bbncn¡Ww. Pzc{]IrXntbm tZl{]IrXntbm ]mN\¯n\v A\pIqeambn \n¡p¶XmsW¦n ewL\w AÂ]w am{Xw aXn. ]et¸mgpw Blmcapt]£n¨psIm­pÅ ewL\w, APoÀW¯n am{Xta BhiyapÅq. AÃm¯nS§fn ewL\sa¶Xv Aánamµyap­m¡p¶XmWv. tim[\§fpw ewL\hpw aäpw Aánamµyap­m¡p¶XmsW¶pw, AhnsS AánkwkÀP\w sN¿Wsa¶pw kq{XØm\¯n {]tXyIw ]dbp¶p­tÃm. CÔ\a[nIaps­¦nepw CÔ\ansænepw Aán aµamIp¶p F¶v {KlWoNnInÕbnepw ]dbp¶p. ewL\m[nIyw Pzcw \o­p\n¡mt\m Imkw XpS§nb D]{Zh§Ät¡m ImcWambn¯ocp¶p. KpÂaw, ]cnWmaiqe, Øqetim^Xm, ssl]ÀsImfnÌntdmfoanb, {]tal¯nse¦n hmXhym[n XpS§nbh HmSnsb¯pIbpw sN¿p¶p.

ssl]ÀsImfnÌotdmfoanb DÅhcn {]anXmi\w Hgnhm¡p¶Xphgn AhÀ¡v sImfnÌntdmÄ \nb{´Ww Imcy£aambn km[n¡p¶p. CXns\ Hcp \nb{´nX]T\¯n\v hnt[bam¡nbm A\pIqeamb sXfnhpe`n¡psa¶v Dd¸mWv.

hmÀ²Iy¯nse AÂ]mi\w

{]mbambhcn {]anXmi\wsIm­v hmXImew F¶ tcmKtlXphn\v iànhÀ²n¡p¶p. {]anXmi\¯n\v AhÀ¡v \ymb§Ä ]eXpw \nc¯m\p­mIpw. cpNn¡pdhv, Zl\¡pdhv, Kymkv, I¡pkn Ccn¡m\pw aäpw _p²nap«pÅhÀ¡v `£WwIgn¨m tim[\bp­mIpsa¶ `bw, NnInÕbnse A\mhiy]°y\njvT, ]ÃptISmbXn\m `£Ww Zln¡mbvI, ho«pImtcmSpÅ ASp¸¡pdhv, \yqIvfnbÀ hoSpIfnse Ac£nXmhØ, PohXt¯mSpXs¶bpÅ aSp¸v, F¶n§s\bpÅ \nch[n imcocnIhpw sshImcnIhpw Nnet¸msgms¡ km¼¯oIhpamb _p²nap«pIfmIs«  Gsd¡qsd FÃm apXnÀ¶htcbpw _m[n¡p¶Xpw {]anXmi\sa¶ Hscmä tlXphnsâ iàn ]Xn·S§v hÀ²n¸n¡pIbpw sN¿p¶XmWv. BbpÀthZNnInÕ¡v th­{X ]°yw BhiyamsW¶ Adnhv an¡hcpw `£Ww Hgnhm¡pItbm Asæn Afhv Ipd¡pItbm Bbn«mWv {]ISn¸n¡mdv. Fcnhpw ]pfnbpw [mcmfw ioen¨ph¶ ChÀ Ijmbw Ign¨pXpS§pt¼mÄ AsXÃmw Hgnhm¡pIbpw AtXmsS Blmct¯mSpÅ XmÂ]cyw \jvSs¸SpIbpw sN¿p¶p. a¡tfmSpw ]cnNcn¡p¶htcmSpapÅ kvt\l¡qSpX {]ISn¸n¡m\mbn«pw ]et¸mgpw {]mbambhÀ `£Ww Dt]£n¡p¶Xv ImWmw. kz´w cpNn¡\pkcn¨pÅ `£Ww Bhiys¸Sp¶tXm, `£Ww IqSpXemsW¦n IqSpX XhW tim[\ th­nhcpsa¶ tXm¶epw AXn\pth­n ]cnNcn¡p¶hsc _p²nap«n¡p¶tXm, Hs¡ Hgnhm¡m\mbns«¶mWv AhÀ ]dbpI. Chscms¡ \¶mbn `£Ww Ign¡m³ XpS§p¶tXmSpIqSn AhcpsS hmXtIm]§Ä¡v, {]tXyIn¨v AhÀ hmXtcmKnIÄ Xs¶bmsW¦nÂ, hfsc iàn Ipdbp¶Xmbn ImWmw. Hcp ]t£ Blmcw th­{X ioen¨hcn am{Xta ssZ\yw F¶ hmXe£Ww hn«pamdn, kz´w _p²nap«pIÄ t\cmwh®w a\Ênem¡m\pw {]ISn¸n¡m\pw km[n¡pIbpapÅq. BbpÀthZNnInÕ¡mbn kao]n¡p¶hcn \sÃmcp hn`mKhpw {]mbwsN¶hcmbXn\mÂ, Cu hnjb¯n {]tXyI{i² BhiyamWv, {]tXyIn¨v ITn\]°y§Ä, BaNn´ XpS§nbh Hgnhm¡p¶XnÂ.

{]talnIfnse {]anXmi\w

C¶v \mw NnInÕn¡p¶hcn `qcn]£hpw Iri{]talnIfpw tim[\NnInÕ¡v AtbmKycpw _rwlWNnInÕ th­hcpamWv. {]talamsW¶v Xncn¨dnbp¶tXmSpIqSn kzbw \nÝbn¡p¶ Blmcsamgnhm¡epw IqSnt¨cpt¼mÄ AhÀ¡v hmXntIm]{Zh§Ä t\ct¯ F¯nt¨cp¶p. ]©kmc Ipd¡p¶ Cw¥ojv acp¶pIfpw ITn\amb hymbmahpw IqSnt¨cpt¼mÄ Øqe³t]mepw hmXnI{]talnbmbn¯ocp¶p. Cu {]talnIsfÃmwXs¶ {]anXmi\hpw ioen¡pt¼mÄ A]XÀ]WP\yamb aq{X£bw (do\ s^bnenbÀ), hmXhym[n XpS§nbhsb £Wn¨phcp¯p¶p. Hmtcm {]taln¡pw sshZy·mÀ \ÂtI­ D]tZiw, `£W¯nsâ Afhv Ipd¡mXncn¡m\pw `£Wkabw AÂ]w t]mepw sshIn¡mXncn¡m\pw BWv. Blmc\nb{´Wsa¶Xv AfhneÃ, adn¨v GsXms¡ C\w Blmckm[\§Ä XncsªSp¡p¶p F¶Xnte¡v am{Xw Npcp¡m\pw {i²nt¡­XmWv.

ØqecpsS {]anXmi\w

CXpt]mse XSnIpd¡m\pÅ Blmckm[\§Ä XncsªSp¯v [mcmfw D]tbmKn¡m\pw AhbpsS Afhpw kabhpw {]anXambnt¸mImXncn¡m\pw BWv Øqe\pw {i²nt¡­Xv. saenbm\pÅ Bthiw aq¯v IWvUcm{Ktim^§fnte¡pw kÔntcmK§fnte¡pw sN¶v hogpIbmWv \mÂ]XpIfnse¯nb aebmfnIÄ, {]tXyIn¨v kv{XoIÄ. XSnIpd¨m ap«pthZ\ amdpsa¶ hnizmk¯n `£Ww Dt]£n¡p¶hsc {i²n¨mednbmw. AhÀ¡v ]Icambn e`n¡p¶Xv aäp kÔnIfnte¡v IqSn thZ\bp­mIpI, XfÀ¨ F¶n§s\bpÅ D]{Zh§Ä am{XamWv. sImfnÌntdmfn\pw A\p_Ôamb AhØIÄ¡pw sImgp¸pt]£n¡Â am{XaÃ, `£Ww Dt]£n¡emWv ]ecptSbpw amÀKw.

aZy]m\nIfn H«pan¡hcpw tcmK{KkvX\cmIp¶Xv th­{X BlmcanÃm¯Xn\memWv. Blmctijw am{Xw, AXpw amwkmlmct¯msSm¸w am{Xw aZytkh hn[n¨n«pÅt¸mÄ hfsc sshInbpw AÂ]w am{Xambpw an¡t¸mgpw Xosc `£WanÃmsXbpw aZy]n¡p¶hcmWv Akm[ymhØbnse¯p¶Xv. AXy[zm\nIfmbhÀ Cu DjvWtaJem{]tZi¯v, DjvWIme¯v, [mcmfw shÅw D]tbmKn¡msX ioen¡p¶ aZyw, AhcpsS tZls¯ AXy´w hmXk©bapÅXpw £mcKpW{][m\hpam¡p¶p. Ahsc aZy\nhr¯n¡mbn X¿msdSp¸n¨v, [mcmfambn amwkckhpw _rwlWkvt\l{Zhy§fpw Afhn IqSpX `£Whpw ioen¸n¡pt¼mÄ Bimhlamb ]ptcmKXn ImWmdp­v. `£Ww sNÃpt¼mįs¶ AhÀ¡v aZw IpdbpIbpw hnjb§tfmSv A\pIqeamb _p²n {]ISamIpIbpw sN¿p¶Xv ImWm\mIpw.

Bip]{Xnbn {]anXmi\w

kvt\l]m\aS¡apÅ Bkv]{Xnhmk¯n\v Gähpw Bhiyamb H¶mWv th­{X Afhn hni¸nsâ kab¯v Blmcw Ign¡pI F¶Xv. kvt\l]m\¯n\nSbn Blmc¯nsâ AfhpIpdbpt¼mÄ s\¿v am{Xw tkhn¡p¶bmÄ¡v hni¸pw Zl\iànbpw hÀ²n¡mdnÃ. AhcmWv ]et¸mgpw AÂ]mlmc¯nÂXs¶ hbdp\ndbpIbpw OÀ±n¡m\pÅ km[yX IqSpX ImWn¡pIbpw sN¿p¶hÀ. tkzZ\¯n\nSbnepw ckmb\¯n\nSbnepw Hs¡ Afhn IpdbmsX Blmcsa¶Xv NnInÕbpsS ^ekn²nsb kzm[o\n¡p¶ H¶mWv.  \ncqlhkvXn¡ptijw Blmcw Ign¡m³ sshInbmtem AfhpIpdªmtem tcmKn¡p­mIp¶ AkzØXIÄ FSp¯p]dtb­XnÃtÃm.

tIhehmXhym[nsb [mXp£bP\yamb hmXhym[n¡v DZmlcWambns«Sp¯mÂ, AhnsS tcmKo_ew hÀ²n¸n¡pI F¶ tPmenbmWv {]anXmi\s¯ Hgnhm¡pI hgn km[n¡p¶Xv. hmXhym[n NnInÕbmb kvt\ltkzZ_rwlWmZnIÄ tcmKia\¯n\mbn«v IrXyXbpÅh thsd¯s¶ th­XmWv.

aäp tcmK§fn {]anXmi\w

ImÂap«pthZ\¡mcn (HmÌntbm BÀss{Xänkv) an¡hcpw XSnIpdªm ap«pthZ\amdpsa¶ sXämb D]tZitam [mcWtbm A\pkcn¨v ]cn{ian¨psIm­ncn¡p¶hcnemWv. ChcmWv {]anXmi\w hgn kz´w hmXhym[n hÀ²n¸n¨psIm­ncn¡p¶ asämcp Iq«À. Chcn icoc`mcw Ipd¡m³ Ignªn«pÅ hÀ¡pt]mepw ap«pthZ\ amdnbXmbn A\p`hsam¶panÃ. {]anXmi\w PoÀWPzc¯nepw aäpw Nnet¸mÄ hym[namdmXncn¡m\pÅ ImcWambn¯oÀt¶¡mw. tcmKia\¯n\ptijw \¶mbn `£Ww Ign¨pioen¨nsæn BtcmKyw Xncns¨¯pIbnÃ.

Pzc¯nse ewL\hpw CXpt]mse Ba¯n\m\p]mXnIaÃmsXbmsW¦n hmbptIm]ap­m¡p¶p. \nPPzc¯nÂ, {]tXyIn¨v APoÀWmánamµyP\yamsW¦n am{Xta ewL\¯n\v C{Xtbsd {]m[m\yapÅq. AXpt]mepw icoc_eanÃm¯hÀ¡v Blmcsamgnhm¡m\mIpIbpanÃ. BK´pPzc¯nÂ, {]tXyIn¨v C³s^£³sIm­v F¶v IcpXs¸Sp¶Xn Ba]mN\¯n\mbpÅ ewL\w BhiyanÃ. AhnsS Aánamµys¯ IW¡nseSp¯v eLzi\sat¶ IcptX­XpÅq.

Ip«nIfn Blmcw Ipdªpt]mIpI F¶Xv AhcpsS {]Xntcm[tijn am{XaÃ, tcmKia\tijntbbpw {]XnIqeambn _m[n¡p¶p. ]\nbpw aäpw h¶v ho­pw t\cmwh®w Blmcw Ign¨pXpS§m¯ Ip«nIfmWv an¡hmdpw ASp¯amkw ho­pw Hcp ]\n¡v ASns¸Sp¶Xv. Nnet¸msgms¡ Xncn¨dnbm³ X¡Xmbn«nÃm¯ t\cnb aq¡S¸psIm­v Ip«nIfn cpNn¡pdhpw Blmcsamgnhm¡epw ImWmdp­v. Cu AÂ]amb ]o\kw Xncn¨dnbm¯nSt¯mfw Ahcn AjvSNqÀWtam apkvXmcnjvStam hni¸n\pÅ aäpacp¶pItfm ^en¡pIbnÃ. AhÀ¡v Xmeok]{XmZnt]mse I^lcamb H¶mbncn¡pw {]tbmP\s¸SpI.

KpÂa¯n {]anXmi\sa¶Xv tcmKw amdmXncn¡m\pÅ Hcp {][m\ImcWamWv. KpÂatcmKnIfmIs« kab¯n\v Blmcw Ign¡p¶Xn\p]Icw shÅhpw Nmbbpw aäpw IpSn¨pioen¡mdp­v. shÅw IpSn¡pI F¶Xv KpÂanIÄ¡v Gsd A]°yamsW¶XmWv ChnSps¯ sshcp²yw. ]et¸mgpw ChÀ kab¡pdhpsIm­Ã `£Ww Ipd¡p¶Xv. adn¨v AÂ]w Blmcw Ign¨m t]mepw ChÀ¡v Xr]vXnhcnIbpw IqSpX Blmcw sN¶mepS³ Dd¡w hcÂ, hbdv X«nhoÀ¡Â XpS§nb AkzØX D­mIpIbpw sN¿p¶XpsIm­mWv. Ahsc kw_Ôn¨nSt¯mfw th­{X Afhn Blmcw Ign¡pI F¶Xv Ipds¨ms¡ NnInÕXs¶bpw Ign¡mdmIpI F¶Xv tcmKia\w h¶pXpS§p¶ e£Whpw Bbn¡qSn IW¡m¡mhp¶XmWv. Nnet¸msgms¡ hni¸n\\pkcnt¨m DuÀÖ¯nsâ Bhiya\pkcnt¨m AÃ, adn¨v hbdn hmbphn\v AhImiw e`n¡p¶Xv XSbm\pÅ Hcp hkvXpthm amÀKtam  Bbn¡qSn Blmcs¯ ImtW­Xp­v.

tlXphmbn«pÅ {]anXmi\¯nsâ Øm\\nÀWbw

{]anXmi\w \ntj[n¡pIhgn tcmKia\w e`n¡mhp¶ Iq«sc Xncn¨dnbpIbmWv apJyw. Cu A]°yw ioen¨hcn¯s¶ ]nSns]«ncn¡p¶ tcmKhpambn {]anXmi\¯n\v ImcyImcW_Ôw Dt­m F¶v Xncn¨dnbemWv BZy]Sn. NnecpsS {]anXmi\¯n\v Ct¸mgp­mbncn¡p¶ tcmKhpambn _Ôw Is­¯m³ Ignsª¶phcnÃ. A¯c¡mÀ¡v t\cmwh®w `£Ww sN¶XpsIm­vam{Xw tcmKia\ap­mInÃ. {]anXmi\w Hcp k{¼m]vXnLSIambn thÀXncn¡m³ Ignªn«ps­¦n Ahcnse ImcyImcW_Ôw aq¶mbn XcwXncn¡Ww. kahmbn, Akahmbn, \nan¯ImcWw F¶n§s\. ]nSns¸« hym[n¡pth­ ]Ým¯ew Hcp¡pIbpw hym]Iamb kzm[o\w k{¼m]vXnbn sNep¯pIbpw {]kcmhØbn hfsctbsd CSs]SpIbpw BWv sNbvXncn¡p¶sX¦n (DZmlcWw hmXhym[n), {]anXmi\w \ntcm[n¡pt¼mÄ tcmKia\aà D­mIp¶Xv, adn¨v tcmKo_ew hÀ²n¡pI F¶Xv am{XamWv. Cu kahmbnImcWs¯ t\cnSp¶Xphgn acp¶pIÄ ^en¡m\pÅ kmlNcyap­mIp¶p. AkahmbnImcWambn«mWv {]anXmi\¯n\v B tcmKnbn Øm\w e`n¨n«pÅsX¦nÂ, AXv Øm\kw{ibmhØsbbmWv kzm[o\n¨n«p­mIpI (DZmlcWw AÂ]mi\hpw ]cnWmaiqebpw X½nepÅ _Ôw) {]anXmi\\ntj[w B tcmKnbn icoc_etam tcmKia\tam Aà D­m¡p¶Xv, adn¨v tcmK_ew Ipd¡pIbmWv sN¿p¶Xv. h¶ps]«ncn¡p¶ tcmKmhØ¡v \nan¯ImcWambn {]anXmi\s¯ Xncn¨dnbp¶ kµÀ`¯n Cu Hscmä \nZm\XymKw Xs¶ tcmKia\¯n\v ImcWambn¯ocp¶p (DZmlcWw þ ImÀiyw, timjw)

*****************************